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Brigitte Helm
Brigitte Helm (17 March 1906 – 11 June 1996) was a German actress, best remembered for her dual role as Maria and her double, the Maschinenmensch, in Fritz Lang's 1927 silent film ''Metropolis''.
==Career==
Born Brigitte Eva Gisela Schittenhelm in Berlin, Helm's first role was that of Maria in ''Metropolis'' which she began work on while only 18 years old. After ''Metropolis'', Helm made over thirty other films, including talking pictures, before retiring in 1936. Her other appearances include ''The Love of Jeanne Ney'' (1927), ''Alraune'' (1928), ''L'Argent'' (1928), ''Gloria'' (1931), ''The Blue Danube'' (1932), ''L'Atlantide'' (1932), and ''Gold'' (1934).
Though having a 10-year contract with UFA expiring in 1935, Helm incurred the wrath of Nazi Germany for "race defilement" in marrying her second husband Dr. Hugo Kunheim, an industrialist of Jewish background.〔p.127 Huff, David Stewart ''Film in the Third Reich'' University of California Press〕 Helm was also involved in several traffic accidents, and was briefly imprisoned.〔(Obituary: Brigitte Helm - Obituaries - News ). The Independent (1996-06-18). Retrieved on 2013-11-02.〕〔(Portrait of the actress Brigitte Helm by Thomas Staedeli ). Cyranos.ch. Retrieved on 2013-11-02.〕 According to Otto Dietrich's book ''The Hitler I Knew'', Adolf Hitler himself saw that manslaughter charges against her from an automobile accident were dropped.〔p.218 Dietrich, Otto ''The Hitler I Knew'' Methuen, 1957〕
In 1935, she moved to Switzerland where she later had four children with Hugo. After her retirement from films, she refused to grant any interviews concerning her film career. Helm was considered for the title role in ''Bride of Frankenstein'' before Elsa Lanchester was given the role.〔Curtis, pp. 243–44〕
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